About

Vision

Products

Support

Contact

Imaging Processing and Analysis Library for COC40

Image Processing and Analysis for COC40 Processing Boards. Optimized for Fast TMS320C40 Execution. Arithmetic, Logical, Morphological, Correlation, and Transform (FFT) Operations. Blob Analysis, Center of Mass, Moment, and Histogram Calculations. For DSP and Non-DSP Programmers. PXIPL-COC40 is a comprehensive library of image processing and analysis routines for the TMS320C40 DSP(s) on the COC40 co-processing boards. The libraries are designed to allow quick and easy integration into user-written applications. Programmers can significantly reduce development time with flexible, yet efficient, PXIPL-COC40 routines. EFFICIENCY PXIPL-COC40 operations have been developed specifically for the TMS320C40. The functions are coded in optimized C, with selected segments hand-coded in assembler, taking advantage of the high processing speed of the TMS320C40 and its superior performance with integer and floating point operations. Many functions automatically identify special cases, invoking code optimized for each special case. FLEXIBILITY PXIPL-COC40 offers the ease and flexibility to accomplish applications from the most straight-forward to the most demanding. To simplify programming, a single PXIPL-COC40 function does the work of many standard functions. Each function supports variable image resolution, and can operate on specified image buffers. Nonrectangular regions of interest can be designated for many operations. PROGRAMMING PXIPL-COC40 offers routines for programmers who have never programmed a DSP. Bound routines are invoked just like a typical PC based image processing function. The TMS320C40 compiler is not required; each routine automatically loads and executes an operation on the TMS320C40. However, some overhead is required to load the TMS320C40 function each time a bound routine is called. Not all PXIPL-COC40 functions are available as bound routines; only the most popular operations are included. For DSP programmers who expect faster execution of their programs, native routines are also provided. Native routines require a TMS320C40 compiler (or assembler) and are more efficient than bound routines. Many native routines can be combined into a single TMS320C40 program which only needs to be loaded once, eliminating the overhead required with bound routines. BOARD CONTROL PXIPL-COC40 operates with the 4MOBJ library as a complete package of software tools. 4MOBJ provides board control such as image acquisition and display, as well as TMS320C40 communication routines for program loading, execution, and PC to/from TMS320C40 communication.

FEATURES

ARITHMETIC Add, subtract, multiply, divide, and average two images. Add or multiply a single image by a constant. Select between 8 image subtraction options.	LOGICAL AND, OR, or XOR two image pairs or single images with a mask.
EDGE DETECTION Kirsch Roberts Sobel Sobel Absolute Thin Edge Gradient	FILTERS Low Pass - Fixed Low Pass - Weighted Low Pass - Smear Median Median - Weighted Median - Binary Images Rank High (Dilate) Rank Low (Erode) Sharpen - Laplacian
COPY, RESIZE, ROTATE Copy an image buffer into a specified buffer location, concurrently performing these operations: Bilinear Interpolation Nearest Neighbor Interpolation Area Interpolation Spatial Replication Flip up/down, right/left. Skew left/right or up/down by a specified number of pixels. Shift up, down, right, or left by a specified number of pixels. Rotation, in degrees, from a user-definable origin. Warping using nearest neighbor or bilinear interpolation. SEQUENCE OPERATIONS Entire sequences can be averaged or integrated with a single function.	NORMALIZATIONS AND CORRECTIONS Correct for shading effects or nonuniform illumination. Correct for lighting variations using a background image and subtractive or multiplicative correction. Remove "speckles" (bad pixels) caused by imperfect sensors. Modify the image so that the histogram has a specific shape. Modify the contrast of image, matching first two moments to those of second image. Normalize column's mean or line's mean.
PIXEL OPERATIONS Complement (invert) pixels. Enhance contrast via lowbound and highbound values, or by histogram percentiles. Threshold pixels by a user defined value. Count pixels above a specified threshold value. Set pixel values to a constant. Scale pixel values by a constant. Search for a specified pixel. Dither.	MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS Morphological operations may be executed with the standard 3 x 3 structure element, or an arbitrary structure element may be defined. Dilation Erosion Open Close Hit-Miss Medial Axis Thinning
CONVOLUTIONS Real or integer convolutions of any size (N x N), with arbitrary coefficients, are supported. Various convolution special cases are automatically identified and function execution is optimized accordingly. Threshold the image by comparing the image to the average value of the pixel's specified N x N neighborhood. Modify the high and low contrast areas of an image using the specified N x N neighborhood size as a basis for computation.	HISTOGRAM Compute histogram. Optionally obtain the following statistics: Highest pixel value. Lowest pixel value. Number of pixels. Sum of pixels. Sum of pixels squared. Most frequent pixel value. Least frequent pixel value. First moment. Variance. Standard Deviation. RMS Value.
DRAWING/ANNOTATION Draw box, arrow, line, curved line, ellipse, or icon. Paint within a region. Draw test patterns.	CALIBRATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS Calibrate X & Y pixel values into "real world" dimensions. Calibrate pixel intensity values. Measure subpixel edge position to a precision of better than 0.1 pixel. *
CENTER OF MASS Compute the center of mass and total mass for any full image or region of interest.	MOMENTS The following statistics are returned for moment computation. The statistics can be computed in pixel values or in calibrated units. Number of pixels. Number of non-zero pixels. Coordinates for the center of mass. Central moments. Central moments normalized for scale.
TRANSFORMS Inverse FFT Log magnitude plot of frequency domain. Scale frequency domain by log magnitude plot. Filter frequency domain.
BLOB ANALYSIS Analyze image for blobs with or without holes. Define constraints on blob size. Optionally obtain the following statistics for each blob, computed in pixel values or in calibrated units. Number of pixels. Area Center of uniform mass (COM). Minimum radius from COM. Maximum radius from COM. Angle of least moment of inertia axis. Pixel at min radius from COM. Pixel at max radius from COM. Coordinates of major axis endpoints. Minor axis. Length of major axis. Angle of major axis. Distance of minor axis from major axis. Circumference. Pixel with/at minimum H coordinate. Pixel with/at maximum H coordinate. Pixel with/at minimum V coordinate. Pixel with/at maximum V coordinate. Width as projected on H axis. Height as projected on H axis.	TYPICAL EXECUTION SPEEDS These operations were performed using standard PXIPL-COC40 functions. Image Processing Operation Time (usec/pixel) AND with a Constant 0.62 OR with a Constant 0.62 Addition of a Constant 0.97 Multiply by a Constant 1.69 Threshold 0.98 3 x 3 Low Pass Filter 1.59 Sharpen (Laplacian-3 x 3) 1.59 3 x 3 Kirsch Edge Detection 10.40 3 x 3 Sobel Edge Detection 4.90 Two Image Addition 0.47 Two Image Subtraction 0.67 Erosion 1.20 Dilation 1.20 Normalize Background 2.88 Compute Moments, 3rd Order 3.90 Compute Center of Mass 0.68 Compute Histogram 0.54 FFT on 256x256 4.50 Correlation w. 16x16 Mask 62.50 Blob Search 1.15 * Accuracy is dependent on image quality.

Native TMS320C40 Functions
Requires TMS320C40 "C" compiler.
Add Pixels of Image Pair	De-Flicker Interlace: Modify Singularities	Map Ulong Pixel Values in Region
AND Pixels in Region with Mask	Decode SMPTE Vertical Interval Time Code	Map Ulong Pixel Values
AND Pixels of Image Pair	Difference for Insert of Image Pair	Map Ushort Pixel Values in Region
AND Pixels with Mask	Dither Pixels, Normal	Map Ushort Pixel Values
Average Image Sequence	Dither Pixels, Uniform	Medial Axis Thinning
Average Pixels of Image Pair	Draw 2-D Cosine Product Pattern	Modify Region Definition: Rectangle to Polygon
Calibrate Intensity/Density Mapping	Draw 2-D Gaussian Pattern	Morphology Close
Calibrate Spatial Mapping	Draw 2-D Separable Patterns	Morphology Dilation w. 3x3 Element
Complement Pixel Values in Region	Draw Alignment Pattern	Morphology Dilation
Complement Pixel Values	Draw Arrow	Morphology Erosion w. 3x3 Element
Compress Region Path	Draw Box	Morphology Erosion
Compute Center of Mass of Region	Draw Curved Line defined as Bezier Polynomial	Morphology Hit-Miss
Compute Center of Mass	Draw Ellipse	Morphology Open
Compute Center of Mass, Binary Image Region	Draw Icon or Cursor	Normalize Columns' Mean
Compute Center of Mass, Binary Image	Draw Icon Primitive, Free Resources	Normalize Image as per Background Image
Compute Histogram on Region	Draw Icon Primitive, Initialize	Normalize Lines' Mean
Compute Histogram on Region	Draw Icon Primitive, Modify Pixels	NxN Convolution, Integer
Compute Histogram Statistics w. Interpretation	Draw Icon Primitive, Test Completion	NxN Convolution, Real
Compute Histogram Statistics w. Interpretation	Draw Line Segment	NxN Dynamic Threshold
Compute Histogram Statistics	Draw Region Boundary	NxN Inverse Contrast Ratio Mapping
Compute Histogram Statistics	Draw Region Path	OR Pixels in Region with Mask
Compute Histogram	Edge Detection, Kirsch	OR Pixels of Image Pair
Compute Moments of Region w. Interpretation	Edge Detection, Roberts	OR Pixels with Mask
Compute Moments of Region	Edge Detection, Sobel Absolute	Paint within Region
Compute Moments w. Interpretation	Edge Detection, Sobel	Perform Intensity/Density Mapping
Compute Moments	Edge Gradient, Thin	Perform Inverse Spatial Mapping
Compute Shape Statistics of Image Region	Exclusive OR Pixels of Image Pair	Perform Spatial Mapping
Compute Tabulated Histogram	Extend Region Path	Product of Pixels of Image Pair
Construct PXIMAGE: Access Freq. Domain Complex Image	Extend Region Path	Ratio of Pixels of Image Pair
Construct PXIMAGE: Access Image in Host Memory	Field Interlaced Image Line Shuffle	Release Intensity/Density Mapping State
Construct PXIMAGE: Access Image in Malloc'ed Memory	Field Interlaced Image Line UnShuffle	Release Spatial Mapping State
Construct PXIMAGE: Release Image in Malloc'ed Memory	Filter Frequency Domain	Scale Freq. Domain by Log Magnitude Plot
Contrast Enhance By Percentile	Filter, Low Pass, Fixed	Scale Pixel Values in Region
Contrast Enhance Region By Percentile	Filter, Low Pass, Low Smear	Scale Pixel Values
Contrast Enhance Region	Filter, Low Pass, Weighted	Scan, Connect, Collect Region by Table
Contrast Enhance	Filter, Median	Scan, Connect, Collect Region by Value
Contrast Match Image Pair	Filter, Median, Binary Images	Search for Pixel by Table
Copy & Area Interpolation	Filter, Median, Weighted	Search for Pixel by Value
Copy & Bilinear Interpolation w. Orientation	Filter, Rank High (Dilate)	Set Pixel Values in Region
Copy & Exchange Image Buffers	Filter, Rank Low (Erode)	Set Pixel Values
Copy & Nearest Neighbor Interpolation w. Orientation	Filter, Sharpen, Laplacian	Shift Pixel Values in Region
Copy & Skew Image Left/Right	Find Blobs and List	Shift Pixel Values
Copy & Skew Image Up/Down	Find Blobs, Analyze and List	Spatial Intensity Normalization
Copy & Spatial Replicate	Find Region's Enclosed Area	Spatial Quantization & Shrink
Copy Buffer from Raw Image Address	Find Region's Enclosing Window	Subpixel Edge Measurement
Copy Buffer to Raw Image Address	Follow and Collect Region Boundary by Value	Subtract Pixels of Image Pair
Copy Image Buffer Region	Get Dimensions of Freq. Domain Representation	Swap Line or Column Pairs
Copy Image Buffer with Reversal	Halftone by Black/White Sum	Threshold Pixel Values in Region
Copy Image Buffer with Shift	Histogram Equalization	Threshold Pixel Values in Region
Copy Image Buffer	Initialize Region Path	Threshold Pixel Values
Copy Image with Rotation	Insert of Differences of Image Pair	Threshold Pixel Values
Copy Image with Warping	Integrate Image Sequence	Transform Image: FFT
Correct Image as per Speckle Mask	Line Pair Pixel Shuffle	Transform Image: Inverse FFT
Correlation Profile	Line Pair Pixel UnShuffle	Translate Region Definition to Path
Count Pixels by Threshold	Log Magnitude Plot of Freq. Domain	Translate Region Definition to Scan List
Count Region Pixels by Threshold	Map Uchar Pixel Values in Region	XOR Pixels in Region with Mask
De-Flicker Interlace: Line Pair Average	Map Uchar Pixel Values	XOR Pixels with Mask

Bound TMS320C40 Functions
Requires only PC "C/C++" compiler.
Add Pixels of Image Pair	Edge Detection, Roberts	Histogram Equalization
AND Pixels of Image Pair	Edge Detection, Sobel Absolute	Integrate Image Sequence
Average Image Sequence	Edge Detection, Sobel	Log Magnitude Plot of Freq. Domain
Average Pixels of Image Pair	Edge Gradient, Thin	Morphology Dilation w. 3x3 Element
Compute Center of Mass	Exclusive OR Pixels of Image Pair	Morphology Erosion w. 3x3 Element
Compute Center of Mass, Binary Image	Filter Frequency Domain	Normalize Image as per Background Image
Compute Histogram	Filter, Low Pass, Fixed	NxN Convolution, Integer
Compute Moments w. Interpretation	Filter, Low Pass, Low Smear	NxN Convolution, Real
Compute Moments	Filter, Low Pass, Weighted	OR Pixels of Image Pair
Compute Tabulated Histogram	Filter, Median	Product of Pixels of Image Pair
Contrast Match Image Pair	Filter, Median, Binary Images	Ratio of Pixels of Image Pair
Convert Freq. Domain to/from Host Format	Filter, Median, Weighted	Scale Freq. Domain by Log Magnitude Plot
Copy & Bilinear Interpolation w. Orientation	Filter, Rank High (Dilate)	Spatial Intensity Normalization
Copy & Nearest Neighbor Interpolation w. Orientation	Filter, Rank Low (Erode)	Subtract Pixels of Image Pair
Copy Image with Rotation	Filter, Sharpen, Laplacian	Threshold Pixel Values
Correlation Profile	Find and List Blobs*	Transform Image: FFT
Count Pixels by Threshold	Get Dimensions of Freq. Domain Representation	Transform Image: Inverse FFT
Edge Detection, Kirsch

* Blob Analysis is supported only under 32 bit PC compilers (Bound function).

DUAL PROCESSOR CONTROL -
PXIPL-COC40 functions allow for asynchronous operations on multiple TMS320C40 processors.

If two TMS320C40s are available, each function mentioned above can be directed to operate on either processor, with each processor accessing a separate 4MB section of image memory divided into buffers.

For example, with 24 image buffers, processor A can access buffers 1 thru 12 while processor B simultaneously accesses buffers 13 thru 24. Or, processor A can be executing a program on buffers 1 thru 12 while processor B is digitizing into buffers 13 thru 24.

4MOBJ SOFTWARE -
4MOBJ is a library which operates with PXIPL-COC40 to provide image acquisition, display, and image access. 4MOBJ also includes TMS320C40 communication routines for program loading, execution, and PC to/from TMS320C40 communication.

SAMPLE CODE -
Detailed sample code is provided to demonstrate various function calls.

The following example code demonstrates a typical PXIPL-COC40 program. A background is subtracted from the image and a blob search is performed. The Center of Mass of the first five blobs are printed on the 4MIP Debug Screen (if in use), and also returned to the host PC program.

// Parameters passed by the host in the
// communication buffer, and results returned.
#define NBLOB   5       // number of blobs to search for
struct  parms_from_host
{
    struct c40m4image image[1]; // host stored source image
    uint   background;               // host stored subtraction value
    uint   threshold;                // host stored threshold
    union   {
        ulong   c40;            // floats returned already
        float   pc;             // converted to PC format
    } comx[NBLOB], comy[NBLOB]; // center of mass: x & y
};

main()
{
    struct  parms_from_host *pp;
    struct  pximage srcimage;
    struct  pxy search;
    struct  pxywindow size;
    struct  pxip8blob results[NBLOB];
    int     n, i;

    // Pick up pointer to parameters from host
    PP = (struct parms_from_host*) c40m4_combufp;

    // Init the pximage structures expected by image processing
    // functions from the image description passed by the host,
    // selecting image buffer and area of interest.
    c40m4_setpximage(&srcimage, &PP->image);

    // Subtract background, in place
    pxip8_pixadd(NULL, &srcimage, &srcimage, PP>background, 2);

    search.x = -1; search.y = 0;    // init search coordinates
    size.nw.x = 100; size.nw.y = 100;       // min blob size: 100x100
    size.se.x = 120; size.se.y = 130;       // max blob size: 120x130

    // Find first 5 blobs, segmented with pixel values greater
    // than the specified threshold, that meet the size constraint
    n = pxip8_bloblist(NULL, &srcimage, &search, 'g'^'t', PP>threshold,
                      0, &size, 0, NULL, NBLOBS, results, NULL);

    // Report
    c40m4_debugprintf("blobs found=%d\\n", n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        // Print results on 4MIP's debug screen (if in use)
        c40m4_debugprintf("blob:%d Center of Mass=%g,%g \\n", i,
                          results[i].ucom.xd,results[i].ucom.yd);
        // Store results for host processor retreival
        PP->comx[i].c40 = c40toieee(results[i].ucom.xd);
        PP->comy[i].c40 = c40toieee(results[i].ucom.yd);
    }
    return(n);
}

SPECIFICATIONS

IMAGING BOARD:
For use with 4MOBJ and: 4MEG VIDEO Model 12 (Rev. 4.3 and higher) imaging board and COC401 or COC402 processing boards.

ENVIRONMENT:

• Native Routines:
  Standard versions support:
  • TI compiler, linker, assembler

• Bound Routines:
  Standard versions support:
  • Microsoft C/C++ V7.0, V8.0 (Visual C/C++) in M or L models. For DOS V3.0 or later, 8088 or better.
  • Borland C/C++ V3.0, V4.0 in M or L models. For DOS V3.0 or later, 8088 or better.
  • Watcom C/C++ V10.0 (32 bit) in F model. For Tenberry DOS extender, 80386 or better.
  • Windows compatible DLLs, for any compiler or Windows application. For Windows V3.0 or later, Standard or Enhanced mode, 80286 or better.
    

Memory requirements: Approximately 16 to 256 Kbytes, dependent upon selection of library routines.
PXIPL-COC40 must be used with 4MOBJ software.

LICENSING:
Licensing permits royalty free inclusion of library routines into programs using EPIX 4MEG VIDEO and COC40 series imaging boards.

SOFTWARE INCLUDES:
As required by the chosen environment:

Object code libraries (B), and/or Dynamic Link Library (.DLL).
C prototype files (.H).
Example Code (.c).
Printed manual(s).